The Banana Wars E76 From Trenches to Tropics: Marines in the Dominican Republic

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In both the Dominican Republic and Nicaragua, the U.S. moved from diplomatic oversight and economic leverage to full military occupations. Marines were running governments, rebuilding infrastructure, and enforcing American foreign policy at the ground level. In the Dominican Republic, the Corps faced years of ambushes, bandit warfare, and rising local resentment.

Despite improvements in health, education, and roads, the legitimacy of U.S. control was questioned domestically and abroad. Marines were overextended, tired, and caught between nation-building and counterinsurgency. Their actions brought temporary order but left lasting political scars. As the episode transitions to Haiti, we see a familiar pattern emerging: instability, economic manipulation, forced intervention, and long-term Marine presence. 

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References:

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  • Ellsworth, H. A. (2014). One Hundred Eighty Landings of United States Marines, 1800–1934. Createspace Independent Pub.

  • Executive Order No. 969, Defining the Duties of the United States Marine Corps, 12 November 1908.

  • Executive Order No. 989, Marine Corps Officers’ Physical Fitness, 9 December 1908.

  • Goldsborough, C. W. (1824). The United States Naval Chronicle. Washington: James Wilson.

  • Logsheet of Historic Marine Corps Dates, Historical Branch, G-3 Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps.

  • Knox, D. W. (1936). A History of the United States Navy. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.

  • Maclay, E. S. (2018). A History of American Privateers. Franklin Classics.

  • N. (2021). THE USMC SMALL WARS MANUAL 1940. Nafziger.

  • Nalty, B. C. (2013). The United States Marines In The War with Spain. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.

  • Treaty Between the United States and the Republic of Cuba Embodying the Provisions Defining Their Future Relations as Contained in the Act of Congress Approved March 2, 1901, signed 05/22/1903; General Records of the United States Government, 1778 - 2006, RG 11, National Archives.

  • U.S. Department of State. Right to Protect Citizens in Foreign Countries by Landing Forces, Memorandum of the Solicitor, 5 October 1912, Third Revised Edition with Supplemental Appendix up to 1933. Washington, 1934.

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The Banana Wars E77 Blood, Medals, and Morality: The Haiti Intervention Begins

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The Banana Wars E75 Sandino’s War: The Long Fight for Nicaragua