WWII E140 Friction and Fury: Marines, Army, and Command Controversy

As Marines advanced across Saipan, the naval battle for the Marianas reached a critical turning point. On June 19, despite dominating enemy aircraft in the "Great Marianas Turkey Shoot," American ships faced Japanese coastal artillery and nighttime air raids.

Meanwhile, Admiral Spruance launched a daring, long-range strike against retreating Japanese carriers, dealing devastating blows but suffering heavy aircraft losses. On Saipan itself, fierce ground fighting continued, with Marines battling stubborn Japanese defenses across rugged terrain, while rising tension between Marine and Army commanders foreshadowed controversial command decisions ahead.

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  • References

  • Buchanan, A. R. (Ed.). (1946). The Navy's air war: A mission completed. Harper and Brothers.

  • Chapin, J. C. (n.d.). Breaching the Marianas: The battle for Saipan. United States Marine Corps Historical Division.

  • Goldstein, R., & Dillon, D. M. (Eds.). (2004). The Pacific war papers: Japanese documents of World War II. Potomac Books.

  • Hall, R. C. (1983). Saipan: The turning point. Parameters, 13(2), 27–33.

  • Hoffman, C. W. (n.d.). Saipan: The beginning of the end. Historical Branch, G-3 Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps.

  • Isely, J. A., & Crowl, P. A. (1951). The U.S. Marines and amphibious war: Its theory and its practice in the Pacific. Princeton University Press.

  • Josephy, A. M., et al. (1946). Uncommon valor: Marine division in action. Infantry Journal Press.

  • Krentz, J. P. (1994, May). The battle for Saipan: Lessons for today’s amphibious operations. Marine Corps Gazette, 78(5), 71–74.

  • Leckie, R. (1962). Strong men armed: The United States Marines against Japan. Da Capo Press.

  • Lowe, R. G. (1977). Relieving General Smith: A reassessment of the Saipan controversy. Military Affairs, 41(2), 61–66.

  • Miller, E. S. (1991). War Plan Orange: Evolution of U.S. strategy in the Pacific. Naval War College Review, 44(2), 35–51.

  • Naval History and Heritage Command. (n.d.). Battle of Saipan. https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/wars-conflicts-and-operations/world-war-ii/1944/saipan.html

  • Rottman, G. L. (2004). Saipan & Tinian 1944: Pacific apocalypse. Osprey Publishing.

  • Smith, R. R. (1953). The approach to the Philippines. U.S. Army Center of Military History.

     


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WWII E141 Taking Tapotchau: Marines Conquer Saipan’s Summit

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WWII E139 Holding Ground: Marines vs. Goto’s Tanks